जावा 8 में एक अवरुद्ध पृष्ठभूमि लोडर कैसे बनाएं?


22

सवाल

आप जावा 8 में एक उचित पृष्ठभूमि लोडर कैसे बना सकते हैं? शर्तें:

  • डेटा को पृष्ठभूमि में लोड किया जाना चाहिए
  • लोड करने के बाद डेटा प्रदर्शित किया जाना चाहिए
  • जब डेटा लोड किया जाता है तो कोई और अनुरोध स्वीकार नहीं किया जाना चाहिए
  • यदि डेटा के लोड होने के समय अनुरोध थे, तो एक निश्चित समय समाप्ति के बाद एक और लोडिंग शेड्यूल किया जाना चाहिए (जैसे 5 सेकंड)

इसका उद्देश्य उदाहरण के लिए पुनः लोड अनुरोधों को स्वीकार करना है, लेकिन डेटाबेस अनुरोधों से भरा नहीं है।

MCVE

यहाँ एक MCVE है। इसमें एक बैकग्राउंड टास्क होता है जो केवल 2 सेकंड के लिए Thread.sleep को लोड करके लोडिंग को सिमुलेट करता है। प्रत्येक सेकंड में कार्य निर्धारित होता है जो स्वाभाविक रूप से पृष्ठभूमि लोडिंग कार्यों के ओवरलैप की ओर जाता है, जिसे टाला जाना चाहिए।

public class LoadInBackgroundExample {

  /**
   * A simple background task which should perform the data loading operation. In this minimal example it simply invokes Thread.sleep
   */
  public static class BackgroundTask implements Runnable {

    private int id;

    public BackgroundTask(int id) {
      this.id = id;
    }

    /**
     * Sleep for a given amount of time to simulate loading.
     */
    @Override
    public void run() {

      try {

        System.out.println("Start #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());

        long sleepTime = 2000; 
        Thread.sleep( sleepTime);

      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
      } finally {
        System.out.println("Finish #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());
      }

    }
  }

  /**
   * CompletableFuture which simulates loading and showing data.
   * @param taskId Identifier of the current task
   */
  public static void loadInBackground( int taskId) {

    // create the loading task
    BackgroundTask backgroundTask = new BackgroundTask( taskId);

    // "load" the data asynchronously
    CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {

      @Override
      public String get() {

        CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(backgroundTask);

        try {

          future.get();

        } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }

        return "task " + backgroundTask.id;
      }
    });

    // display the data after they are loaded
    CompletableFuture<Void> future = completableFuture.thenAccept(x -> {

      System.out.println( "Background task finished:" + x);

    });

  }


  public static void main(String[] args) {

    // runnable which invokes the background loader every second
    Runnable trigger = new Runnable() {

      int taskId = 0;

      public void run() { 

        loadInBackground( taskId++);

      }
    };

    // create scheduler
    ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
    ScheduledFuture<?> beeperHandle = scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(trigger, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    // cancel the scheudler and the application after 10 seconds
    scheduler.schedule(() -> beeperHandle.cancel(true), 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

    try {
      beeperHandle.get();
    } catch (Throwable th) {
    }

    System.out.println( "Cancelled");
    System.exit(0);
  }

}

आउटपुट यह है:

Start #0: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Start #1: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Start #2: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Finish #0: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 0
Finish #1: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Background task finished:task 1
Start #3: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Finish #2: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Background task finished:task 2
Start #4: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Start #5: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Finish #3: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Background task finished:task 3
Start #6: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Finish #4: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Background task finished:task 4
Finish #5: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 5
Start #7: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Finish #6: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Start #8: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Background task finished:task 6
Start #9: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Finish #7: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 7
Start #10: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Finish #8: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Background task finished:task 8
Cancelled

लक्ष्य # 1 और # 2 छोड़ दिया गया है, क्योंकि # 0 अभी भी चल रहा है।

मुसीबत

आप अवरुद्ध तंत्र को ठीक से कहाँ सेट करते हैं? क्या सिंक्रनाइज़ेशन का उपयोग किया जाना चाहिए? या कुछ AtomicBoolean? और यदि हां, तो क्या यह get()विधि के अंदर होना चाहिए या कहीं और?


5
क्या आपने ब्लॉकिंग क्यू पर विचार किया है ?
Abra

अभी तक नहीं, लेकिन एक वैध दृष्टिकोण की तरह लगता है। मैं इसे देख लूँगा। धन्यवाद!
रोलैंड

क्या आपने ExecutorService1 के थ्रेड पूल आकार के साथ विचार किया है?
user207421

2
@ रोलैंड इनाम के बारे में क्या है? आपके द्वारा नवीनतम टिप्पणी के बाद सवाल का कोई अद्यतन नहीं है। क्या आपने अन्वेषण किया BlockingQueue?
नमन

'ब्लॉकिंग बैकग्राउंड' शब्दों में एक विरोधाभास का रूप धारण करता है।
user207421

जवाबों:


6

आपके पास कार्य निष्पादित करने के लिए पहले से ही एक थ्रेडपूल है। यह आवश्यक नहीं है और किसी अन्य async निष्पादक ( ForkJoinPoolजब आप उपयोग करते हैं CompletableFuture) में कार्य को चलाने के लिए बात को जटिल बनाते हैं

इसे सरल बनाओ:

public static void loadInBackground(int taskId) {
    // create the loading task
    BackgroundTask backgroundTask = new BackgroundTask(taskId);
    // No need to run in async, as it already in executor
    backgroundTask.run();
}

ScheduledExecutorService यह सुनिश्चित करेगी कि जब आप इसे शेड्यूल किए गए एक समय में केवल एक ही कार्य चलाएं

एक आवधिक कार्रवाई को बनाता है और निष्पादित करता है जो दी गई शुरुआती देरी के बाद सक्षम हो जाती है, और बाद में दी गई अवधि के साथ; कि निष्पादन आरंभिक के बाद शुरू होगा फिर आरंभिक अवधि + अवधि, फिर आरंभिक + 2 * अवधि, और इसी तरह। यदि कार्य का कोई भी निष्पादन एक अपवाद का सामना करता है, तो बाद के निष्पादन दबा दिए जाते हैं। अन्यथा, कार्य केवल निष्कासन या निष्पादक की समाप्ति के माध्यम से समाप्त होगा। यदि इस कार्य का कोई निष्पादन इसकी अवधि से अधिक समय लेता है, तो बाद के निष्पादन देर से शुरू हो सकते हैं, लेकिन समवर्ती रूप से निष्पादित नहीं होंगे


5

आवश्यकताओं के रूप में निम्नलिखित लेते हुए:

  • डेटा को पृष्ठभूमि में लोड किया जाना चाहिए
  • लोड करने के बाद डेटा प्रदर्शित किया जाना चाहिए
  • जब डेटा लोड किया जाता है तो कोई और अनुरोध स्वीकार नहीं किया जाना चाहिए
  • यदि डेटा के लोड होने के समय अनुरोध थे, तो एक निश्चित समय समाप्ति के बाद एक और लोडिंग शेड्यूल किया जाना चाहिए (जैसे 5 सेकंड)

समाधान के आधार पर निर्माण किया जाना चाहिए Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(), CompletableFutureऔर LinkedBlockingQueue:

public class SingleThreadedLoader {

  private static class BackgroundTask extends CompletableFuture<String> {

    private final String query;

    private BackgroundTask(String query) {
      this.query = query;
    }

    public String getQuery() {
      return query;
    }
  }

  private final BlockingQueue<BackgroundTask> tasks = new LinkedBlockingQueue<>();
  // while data are loaded no further requests should be accepted
  private final Executor executor = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();

  private final int delaySeconds;

  private AtomicReference<Instant> lastExecution = new AtomicReference<>(Instant.EPOCH);

  public SingleThreadedLoader(int delaySeconds) {
    this.delaySeconds = delaySeconds;
    setupLoading();
  }

  public BackgroundTask loadInBackground(String query) {
    log("Enqueued query " + query);
    BackgroundTask task = new BackgroundTask(query);
    tasks.add(task);
    return task;
  }

  private void setupLoading() {
    // data should be loaded in background
    executor.execute(() -> {
      while (true) {
        try {
          // if there were requests while the data were loaded
          // another loading should be scheduled after a certain timeout (e. g. 5 seconds)
          Instant prev = lastExecution.get();
          long delay = Duration.between(prev, Instant.now()).toSeconds();
          if (delay < delaySeconds) {
            log("Waiting for 5 seconds before next data loading");
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(delaySeconds - delay);
          }
          BackgroundTask task = tasks.take();
          try {
            String query = task.getQuery();
            String data = loadData(query);
            task.complete(data);
          } catch (Exception e) {
            task.completeExceptionally(e);
          }
          lastExecution.set(Instant.now());
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
          log(e.getMessage());
          return;
        }
      }
    });
  }

  private String loadData(String query) {
    try {
      log("Loading data for " + query);
      TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(2);
      log("Loaded data for " + query);
      return "Result " + query;
    } catch (InterruptedException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
  }

  private static void log(String str) {
    String time = LocalTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.SECONDS).format(DateTimeFormatter.ISO_TIME);
    String thread = Thread.currentThread().getName();
    System.out.println(time + ' ' + thread + ": " + str);
  }

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
    SingleThreadedLoader loader = new SingleThreadedLoader(5);
    // after the loading the data should be displayed
    loader.loadInBackground("1").thenAccept(SingleThreadedLoader::log);
    loader.loadInBackground("2").thenAccept(SingleThreadedLoader::log);
    loader.loadInBackground("3").thenAccept(SingleThreadedLoader::log);

    log("Do another work in the main thread");

    TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(30);
  }
}

निष्पादन के बाद स्टडआउट में निम्नलिखित आउटपुट होंगे:

10:29:26 main: Enqueued query 1
10:29:26 pool-1-thread-1: Loading data for 1
10:29:26 main: Enqueued query 2
10:29:26 main: Enqueued query 3
10:29:26 main: Do another work in the main thread
10:29:28 pool-1-thread-1: Loaded data for 1
10:29:28 pool-1-thread-1: Result 1
10:29:28 pool-1-thread-1: Waiting for 5 seconds before next data loading
10:29:33 pool-1-thread-1: Loading data for 2
10:29:36 pool-1-thread-1: Loaded data for 2
10:29:36 pool-1-thread-1: Result 2
10:29:36 pool-1-thread-1: Waiting for 5 seconds before next data loading
10:29:41 pool-1-thread-1: Loading data for 3
10:29:43 pool-1-thread-1: Loaded data for 3
10:29:43 pool-1-thread-1: Result 3

4

मैंने एक AtomicInteger जोड़ा है जो सरल लॉक () और अनलॉक () तरीकों के साथ चल रहे कार्यों के लिए एक काउंटर के रूप में कार्य करेगा जो कि आपके मूल कोड में इस मामूली बदलाव के साथ हैं।

Start #0: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
background task cancelled  1
background task cancelled  2
Finish #0: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 0
Start #3: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
background task cancelled  4
Finish #3: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
background task cancelled  5
Background task finished:task 3
Start #6: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3,5,main]
background task cancelled  7
Finish #6: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3,5,main]
background task cancelled  8
Background task finished:task 6
Start #9: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
background task cancelled  10
Cancelled

यहाँ आपके कार्य के लिए मेरा समाधान है:

public class LoadInBackgroundExample {
    //Added new exception
    public static class AlreadyIsRunningException extends RuntimeException {
        long taskId;

        public AlreadyIsRunningException(String message, long taskId) {
            super(message);
            this.taskId = taskId;
        }

        public long getTaskId() {
            return taskId;
        }

        public void setTaskId(long taskId) {
            this.taskId = taskId;
        }
    }


    /**
     * A simple background task which should perform the data loading operation. In this minimal example it simply invokes Thread.sleep
     */
    public static class BackgroundTask implements Runnable {


        //this atomicInteger acts as a global lock counter for BackgroundTask objects
        private static AtomicInteger counter = new AtomicInteger(0);


        private int id;

        public BackgroundTask(int id) {
            this.id = id;
        }

        private void unlock() {
            counter.decrementAndGet();
        }

        private void lock() {
            //we need to check this way to avoid some unlucky timing between threads
            int lockValue = counter.incrementAndGet();
            //if we got counter different than 1 that means that some other task is already running (it has already acquired the lock)
            if (lockValue != 1) {
                //rollback our check
                counter.decrementAndGet();
                //throw an exception
                throw new AlreadyIsRunningException("Some other task already is running", id);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Sleep for a given amount of time to simulate loading.
         */
        @Override
        public void run() {
            //Check if we can acquire lock

            lock();
            //we have a lock to
            try {
                System.out.println("Start #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());
                long sleepTime = 2000;
                Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                System.out.println("Finish #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());
                unlock();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * CompletableFuture which simulates loading and showing data.
     *
     * @param taskId Identifier of the current task
     */


    public static void loadInBackground(int taskId) {
        // create the loading task
        BackgroundTask backgroundTask = new BackgroundTask(taskId);
        // "load" the data asynchronously
        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {
            @Override
            public String get() {
                CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(backgroundTask);

                try {
                    future.get();
                } catch (ExecutionException e) {
                    if (e.getCause() instanceof AlreadyIsRunningException) {
                        System.out.println("background task cancelled  " + ((AlreadyIsRunningException) e.getCause()).getTaskId());
                        throw (AlreadyIsRunningException) e.getCause();
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
                return "task " + backgroundTask.id;
            }
        });
        // display the data after they are loaded
        CompletableFuture<Void> future = completableFuture.thenAccept(x -> {
            System.out.println("Background task finished:" + x);
        });
    }

    ArrayList<BackgroundTask> backgroundTasks = new ArrayList<>();


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        // runnable which invokes the background loader every second
        Runnable trigger = new Runnable() {
            int taskId = 0;

            public void run() {
                loadInBackground(taskId++);
            }
        };

        // create scheduler
        ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
        ScheduledFuture<?> beeperHandle = scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(trigger, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        // cancel the scheudler and the application after 10 seconds
        scheduler.schedule(() -> beeperHandle.cancel(true), 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        try {
            beeperHandle.get();
        } catch (Throwable th) {
        }

        System.out.println("Cancelled");
        System.exit(0);
    }

अपडेट करें

मैंने लॉक () और अनलॉक () विधियों को और अधिक सरल रूप में बदल दिया है:

private static  AtomicBoolean atomicBoolean = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        private void unlock() {
            atomicBoolean.set(false);
        }
        private void lock() {
            //if 'changed' is false that means some other task is already running
            boolean changed = atomicBoolean.compareAndSet(false,true);
            if (!changed) {
                throw new AlreadyIsRunningException("Some other task  is already running", id);
            }
        }

2

यदि आप समझते हैं कि एक ही समय में कई कार्य पृष्ठभूमि में हैं। जैसे-जैसे ये कार्य ठीक वैसे ही कार्य कर रहे हैं, आप उन्हें समानांतर रूप से क्रियान्वित नहीं करना चाहते हैं, तो नौकरी समाप्त करने और दूसरों को इसके परिणाम साझा करने के लिए आपको एक कार्य की आवश्यकता है। इसलिए यदि आप CompletableFutureएक साथ 10 प्राप्त करते हैं, तो आप चाहते हैं कि उनमें से एक db में 'पुनः लोड' कहे और निष्पादन परिणामों को एक तरह से दूसरों तक साझा करें, जो सभीCompletableFuture सामान्य रूप से परिणाम के साथ पूरा हो जाए। मैं इससे ग्रहण करता हूं

लक्ष्य # 1 और # 2 छोड़ दिया गया है, क्योंकि # 0 अभी भी चल रहा है।

तथा

लोड करने के बाद डेटा प्रदर्शित किया जाना चाहिए

अगर मेरे अनुमान सही हैं तो आप मेरे समाधान की कोशिश कर सकते हैं।

मेरे पास कार्यों के बीच माता-पिता के कुछ प्रकार के संबंध हैं। मूल कार्य वह है जो वास्तव में अपना काम कर रहा है और अपने बच्चों को परिणाम देता है। चाइल्ड टास्क एक ऐसा टास्क है जो पैरेंट टास्क को अंजाम देते समय जोड़ा गया था, चाइल्ड टास्क तब तक इंतजार करता है जब तक पेरेंट टास्क अपने एक्जीक्यूट को खत्म नहीं करता। चूंकि माता-पिता के कार्य के परिणाम अभी भी 'ताजा' हैं, इसलिए उन्हें प्रत्येक बच्चों में कॉपी किया जाता है और वे सभी अपना वायदा पूरा करते हैं।

public class BackgroundService {


    public static class BackgroundJob implements Callable<String> {

        private static BackgroundJob ROOT_JOB = null;

        private synchronized static void addBackgroundJob(BackgroundJob backgroundJob) {
            if (ROOT_JOB != null) {
                ROOT_JOB.addChild(backgroundJob);
            } else {
                System.out.println();
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + " RUNNING ROOT TASK-" + backgroundJob.jobId);
                ROOT_JOB = backgroundJob;
            }
        }

        private synchronized static void unlock() {
            ROOT_JOB = null;
        }

        private final int jobId;
        private List<BackgroundJob> children = new ArrayList<>();
        private BackgroundJob parent;
        private String providedResultFromParent = null;


        public BackgroundJob(int jobId) {
            this.jobId = jobId;
        }

        private  void addChild(BackgroundJob backgroundJob) {
            backgroundJob.parent = this;
            this.children.add(backgroundJob);
        }

        @Override
        public String call() throws Exception {
            addBackgroundJob(this);
            if (parent == null) {
                String result = logic();

                synchronized (ROOT_JOB) {
                    for (final BackgroundJob backgroundJob : children) {
                        backgroundJob.providedResultFromParent = result;
                        synchronized (backgroundJob) {
                            backgroundJob.notify();
                        }
                    }
                    unlock();
                }

                return "\t\tROOT task" + jobId + "'s " + result;
            } else {
                synchronized (this) {
                    System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t\tskipping task-" + jobId + " and waiting running task-" + parent.jobId + " to finish");
                    this.wait();
                }
                return "\t\t\t\ttask-" + jobId + "'s " + providedResultFromParent;
            }
        }

        private String logic() throws InterruptedException {
            Thread.sleep(2000);
            return (int) (Math.random() * 1000) + " ";
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
        AtomicInteger atomicInteger = new AtomicInteger();
        ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        Supplier<String> job = () -> {
            int taskId = atomicInteger.incrementAndGet();
            BackgroundJob backgroundJob = new BackgroundJob(taskId);
            try {
                return backgroundJob.call();
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            return "finished " + taskId;
        };

        for (int i = 100; i > 0; i--) {
            CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(job, pool).thenAccept(s -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" "+ s + " result is readable"));
            Thread.sleep((long) (Math.random() * 500));
        }

        pool.awaitTermination(Long.MAX_VALUE, TimeUnit.DAYS);
        pool.shutdown();
    }

और यहाँ उत्पादन है:

pool-1-thread-1 RUNNING ROOT TASK-1
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-2 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-3 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-4     skipping task-4 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-5 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-6 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-7 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-8 and waiting running task-1 to finish
pool-1-thread-3                 task-3's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-8's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-6's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-5's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-7's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-2's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-1         ROOT task1's 165  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4                 task-4's 165  result is readable

pool-1-thread-4 RUNNING ROOT TASK-9
pool-1-thread-1     skipping task-10 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-11 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-12 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-13 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-14 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-15 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-16 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-17 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-18 and waiting running task-9 to finish
pool-1-thread-1                 task-10's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-18's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4         ROOT task9's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-17's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-12's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-15's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-14's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-11's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-16's 370  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-13's 370  result is readable

pool-1-thread-5 RUNNING ROOT TASK-19
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-20 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-21 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-22 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-23 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-24 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-25 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-4     skipping task-26 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-27 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-1     skipping task-28 and waiting running task-19 to finish
pool-1-thread-5         ROOT task19's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-22's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4                 task-26's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-24's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-23's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-20's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-25's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-21's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-1                 task-28's 574  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-27's 574  result is readable

pool-1-thread-10 RUNNING ROOT TASK-29
pool-1-thread-1     skipping task-30 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-31 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-32 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-33 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-34 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-35 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-4     skipping task-36 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-37 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-38 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-11        skipping task-39 and waiting running task-29 to finish
pool-1-thread-1                 task-30's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-11                task-39's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-37's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-38's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4                 task-36's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-35's 230  result is readable

pool-1-thread-12 RUNNING ROOT TASK-40
pool-1-thread-6                 task-34's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10        ROOT task29's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-33's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-32's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-31's 230  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-41 and waiting running task-40 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-42 and waiting running task-40 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-43 and waiting running task-40 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-44 and waiting running task-40 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-45 and waiting running task-40 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-46 and waiting running task-40 to finish
pool-1-thread-2                 task-41's 282  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-44's 282  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-45's 282  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-46's 282  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-43's 282  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-42's 282  result is readable
pool-1-thread-12        ROOT task40's 282  result is readable

pool-1-thread-12 RUNNING ROOT TASK-47
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-48 and waiting running task-47 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-49 and waiting running task-47 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-50 and waiting running task-47 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-51 and waiting running task-47 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-52 and waiting running task-47 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-53 and waiting running task-47 to finish
pool-1-thread-12        ROOT task47's 871  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-52's 871  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-53's 871  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-49's 871  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-51's 871  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-50's 871  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-48's 871  result is readable

pool-1-thread-9 RUNNING ROOT TASK-54
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-55 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-56 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-57 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-58 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-59 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-12        skipping task-60 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-4     skipping task-61 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-62 and waiting running task-54 to finish
pool-1-thread-9         ROOT task54's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-58's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-62's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-55's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-59's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-56's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-57's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4                 task-61's 345  result is readable
pool-1-thread-12                task-60's 345  result is readable

pool-1-thread-12 RUNNING ROOT TASK-63
pool-1-thread-4     skipping task-64 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-65 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-66 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-67 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-68 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-69 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-70 and waiting running task-63 to finish
pool-1-thread-12        ROOT task63's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-70's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-69's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-68's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-67's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-66's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-65's 670  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4                 task-64's 670  result is readable

pool-1-thread-4 RUNNING ROOT TASK-71
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-72 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-73 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-74 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-75 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-76 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-77 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-12        skipping task-78 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-79 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-80 and waiting running task-71 to finish
pool-1-thread-4         ROOT task71's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-73's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-79's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-72's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-80's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-12                task-78's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-76's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-74's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-77's 445  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-75's 445  result is readable

pool-1-thread-7 RUNNING ROOT TASK-81
pool-1-thread-2     skipping task-82 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-83 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-84 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-12        skipping task-85 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-86 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-87 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-88 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-89 and waiting running task-81 to finish
pool-1-thread-7         ROOT task81's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-89's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-88's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-87's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-83's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-84's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-12                task-85's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-86's 141  result is readable
pool-1-thread-2                 task-82's 141  result is readable

pool-1-thread-2 RUNNING ROOT TASK-90
pool-1-thread-8     skipping task-91 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-12        skipping task-92 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-5     skipping task-93 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-10        skipping task-94 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-3     skipping task-95 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-9     skipping task-96 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-6     skipping task-97 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-7     skipping task-98 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-4     skipping task-99 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-11        skipping task-100 and waiting running task-90 to finish
pool-1-thread-2         ROOT task90's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-3                 task-95's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-7                 task-98's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-8                 task-91's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-11                task-100's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-4                 task-99's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-5                 task-93's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-9                 task-96's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-12                task-92's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-10                task-94's 321  result is readable
pool-1-thread-6                 task-97's 321  result is readable

0

यदि आप केवल एक एकल एक्सेसिंग थ्रेड चाहते हैं, तो एक सरल सिंक्रनाइज़ेशन काम करेगा ...

उत्पादन:

Start #2: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Finish #0: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 0 finished getting data...
Start #3: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Finish #2: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Start #4: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Background task finished:task 2 finished getting data...
Finish #1: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-4,5,main]
Background task finished:task 1 finished getting data...
Start #6: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-3,5,main]
Finish #4: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Start #5: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-6,5,main]
Background task finished:task 4 finished getting data...
Finish #3: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Start #7: Thread[ForkJoinPool.commonPool-worker-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 3 finished getting data...
Cancelled

कोड:

package queue;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

public class LoadInBackgroundExample {

    public static class SyncronizedBackend {
        public synchronized String getData() {

            long sleepTime = 2000;
            try {
                Thread.sleep(sleepTime);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            return new String("finished getting data...");
        }
    }

    /**
     * A simple background task which should perform the data loading operation. In
     * this minimal example it simply invokes Thread.sleep
     */
    public static class BackgroundTask implements Runnable {

        private int id;
        private SyncronizedBackend syncronizedBackend;
        private String result;

        public BackgroundTask(SyncronizedBackend syncronizedBackend, int id) {
            this.syncronizedBackend = syncronizedBackend;
            this.id = id;
        }

        /**
         * Sleep for a given amount of time to simulate loading.
         */
        @Override
        public void run() {

            System.out.println("Start #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());

            result = this.syncronizedBackend.getData();

            System.out.println("Finish #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());
        }

        public String getResult() {
            return result;
        }
    }

    /**
     * CompletableFuture which simulates loading and showing data.
     * @param syncronizedBackend 
     * 
     * @param taskId Identifier of the current task
     */
    public static void loadInBackground(SyncronizedBackend syncronizedBackend, int taskId) {

        // create the loading task
        BackgroundTask backgroundTask = new BackgroundTask(syncronizedBackend, taskId);

        // "load" the data asynchronously
        CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {

            @Override
            public String get() {

                CompletableFuture<Void> future = CompletableFuture.runAsync(backgroundTask);

                try {

                    future.get();

                } catch (InterruptedException | ExecutionException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }

                return "task " + backgroundTask.id + " " + backgroundTask.getResult();
            }
        });

        // display the data after they are loaded
        CompletableFuture<Void> future = completableFuture.thenAccept(x -> {

            System.out.println("Background task finished:" + x);

        });

    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        SyncronizedBackend syncronizedBackend = new SyncronizedBackend();

        // runnable which invokes the background loader every second
        Runnable trigger = new Runnable() {

            int taskId = 0;

            public void run() {

                loadInBackground(syncronizedBackend, taskId++);

            }
        };

        // create scheduler
        ScheduledExecutorService scheduler = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
        ScheduledFuture<?> beeperHandle = scheduler.scheduleAtFixedRate(trigger, 0, 1, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        // cancel the scheudler and the application after 10 seconds
        scheduler.schedule(() -> beeperHandle.cancel(true), 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

        try {
            beeperHandle.get();
        } catch (Throwable th) {
        }

        System.out.println("Cancelled");
        System.exit(0);
    }

}

0

मैंने थ्रेड दोहरी स्विच का उपयोग करके एक समाधान का प्रयास किया, वर्ग देखें BackgroundTaskDualSwitch, यह उपयोग करके लोडिंग को अनुकरण करता है CompletableFuture। विचार यह है कि वर्तमान में चल रहे कार्य के समाप्त होने तक दूसरे कार्य को रुकने दें, परिवर्तन देखें BackgroundTask। यह सुनिश्चित करता है कि अधिकतम एक कार्य थ्रेड चल रहा है और अधिकतम एक कार्य थ्रेड प्रतीक्षा कर रहा है। आगे के अनुरोधों को तब तक छोड़ दिया जाता है जब तक कि रनिंग कार्य पूरा नहीं हो जाता है और अगले अनुरोध को संभालने के लिए 'मुक्त' हो जाता है।

public static class BackgroundTask extends Thread {

  private int id;
  private Thread pendingTask;

  public BackgroundTask(int id) {
    this.id = id;
  }

  public BackgroundTask(int id, Thread pendingTask) {
    this(id);
    this.pendingTask = pendingTask;
  }

  /**
   * Sleep for a given amount of time to simulate loading.
   */
  @Override
  public void run() {

    try {

      if (pendingTask != null && pendingTask.isAlive()) {
        pendingTask.join();
      }

      System.out.println("Start #" + id + ": " + Thread.currentThread());
      ...
    }
  }

public static class BackgroundTaskDualSwitch {

  private static BackgroundTask task1;
  private static BackgroundTask task2;

  public static synchronized boolean runTask(int taskId) {
    if (! isBusy(task1)) {
      if (isBusy(task2)) {
        task1 = new BackgroundTask(taskId, task2);
      } else {
        task1 = new BackgroundTask(taskId);
      }
      runAsync(task1);
      return true;
    } else if (! isBusy(task2)) {
      if (isBusy(task1)) {
        task2 = new BackgroundTask(taskId, task1);
      } else {
        task2 = new BackgroundTask(taskId);
      }
      runAsync(task2);
      return true;
    } else {
      return false; // SKIPPED
    }
  }

  private static void runAsync(BackgroundTask task) {
    CompletableFuture<String> completableFuture = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(new Supplier<String>() {

      @Override
      public String get() {

        try {
          task.start();
          task.join();
        }
        catch (InterruptedException e) {
          e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "task " + task.id;
      }
    });

    // display the data after they are loaded
    CompletableFuture<Void> future = completableFuture.thenAccept(x -> {

      System.out.println( "Background task finished:" + x); 

    });
  }

  private static boolean isBusy(BackgroundTask task) {
    return task != null && task.isAlive();
  }
}

/**
 * Simulates loading and showing data.
 * @param taskId Identifier of the current task
 */
public static void loadInBackground(int taskId) {

  // create the loading task
  if (! BackgroundTaskDualSwitch.runTask(taskId)) {
    System.out.println( "Background task ignored:task " + taskId); // SKIPPED
  }
}
...

आउटपुट है:

Start #0: Thread[Thread-0,5,main]
Background task ignored:task 2
Finish #0: Thread[Thread-0,5,main]
Start #1: Thread[Thread-1,5,main]
Background task finished:task 0
Background task ignored:task 4
Finish #1: Thread[Thread-1,5,main]
Start #3: Thread[Thread-2,5,main]
Background task finished:task 1
Background task ignored:task 6
Finish #3: Thread[Thread-2,5,main]
Start #5: Thread[Thread-3,5,main]
Background task finished:task 3
Background task ignored:task 8
Finish #5: Thread[Thread-3,5,main]
Start #7: Thread[Thread-4,5,main]
Background task finished:task 5
Background task ignored:task 10
Finish #7: Thread[Thread-4,5,main]
Start #9: Thread[Thread-5,5,main]
Background task finished:task 7
Cancelled

0

पहला धागा जो महंगा काम करना शुरू करता है, वह कॉलबैक परिणाम के साथ सूचित करेगा। अन्य धागे जो इसे निष्पादित करने की कोशिश करते हैं, वे ExpensiveWork.notificables में पंजीकृत होंगे, इसलिए एक बार महंगा काम धागे को खत्म कर देगा जिसने काम किया था उन्हें सूचित करेगा।

इस बीच धागे हर 5 सेकंड में परिणाम के लिए जाँच कर रहे हैं।

public class ExpensiveWorkTest {

    private final static int THREADS = 20;
    private final static long THREAD_TIMEOUT = 5000L;

    @Test
    public void example() throws InterruptedException {
        ExpensiveWork<String> expensiveWork = new ExpensiveWorkImpl();
        ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(THREADS);
        for(int i=0; i<THREADS;i++) {
            service.execute(() ->{
                Notificable<String> notificable = new NotificableImpl();
                expensiveWork.execute(notificable);
                while(notificable.getExpensiveResult() == null) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep(THREAD_TIMEOUT);
                    } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" has the message: "+notificable.getExpensiveResult());
            });
        }
        service.awaitTermination(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
    }

    public static abstract class ExpensiveWork<T> {

        private final AtomicBoolean runnning = new AtomicBoolean(false);
        private List<Notificable<T>> notificables = Collections.synchronizedList(new ArrayList<>());

        public void execute(Notificable<T> notificable) {
            String id = Thread.currentThread().getName();
            System.out.println("Loading data for "+id);
            notificables.add(notificable);
            if(!runnning.getAndSet(true)) {
                System.out.println("Running the expensive work "+id);
                T expensiveResult = expensiveWork();
                notificables.stream().forEach(n -> n.callback(expensiveResult));
            } else {
                System.out.println(id+" will receive the response later");
            }
        }

        protected abstract T expensiveWork();

    }

    public static class ExpensiveWorkImpl extends ExpensiveWork<String>{

        @Override
        public String expensiveWork() {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(5000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {}
            return "<Expensive result>";
        }

    }

    public static interface Notificable<T> {
        void callback(T expensiveResult);
        T getExpensiveResult();
    }

    public static class NotificableImpl implements Notificable<String> {

        private volatile String expensiveResult;

        @Override
        public void callback(String expensiveResult) {
            this.expensiveResult = expensiveResult;
        }

        @Override
        public String getExpensiveResult() {
            return expensiveResult;
        }

    }

}

और यह आउटपुट है:

Loading data for pool-1-thread-6
Loading data for pool-1-thread-7
Loading data for pool-1-thread-9
pool-1-thread-9 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-8
pool-1-thread-8 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-1
Loading data for pool-1-thread-2
Loading data for pool-1-thread-12
pool-1-thread-12 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-3
pool-1-thread-3 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-4
Loading data for pool-1-thread-5
pool-1-thread-5 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-4 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-14
pool-1-thread-14 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-13
Loading data for pool-1-thread-15
pool-1-thread-15 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-2 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-1 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-11
pool-1-thread-11 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-10
pool-1-thread-10 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-7 will receive the response later
Running the expensive work pool-1-thread-6
Loading data for pool-1-thread-18
pool-1-thread-18 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-17
Loading data for pool-1-thread-16
pool-1-thread-16 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-13 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-19
pool-1-thread-19 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-17 will receive the response later
Loading data for pool-1-thread-20
pool-1-thread-20 will receive the response later
pool-1-thread-6 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-8 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-12 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-9 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-11 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-1 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-2 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-3 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-15 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-4 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-14 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-10 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-5 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-13 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-16 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-19 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-20 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-7 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-18 has the message: <Expensive result>
pool-1-thread-17 has the message: <Expensive result>
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