हास्केल कोड का यह टुकड़ा बहुत धीमी गति से चलता है-O , लेकिन गैर-खतरनाक-O होना चाहिए । क्या कोई मुझे बता सकता है कि क्या हुआ? यदि यह मायने रखता है, तो यह इस समस्या को हल करने का एक प्रयास है , और यह द्विआधारी खोज और लगातार खंड वृक्ष का उपयोग करता है:
import Control.Monad
import Data.Array
data Node =
Leaf Int -- value
| Branch Int Node Node -- sum, left child, right child
type NodeArray = Array Int Node
-- create an empty node with range [l, r)
create :: Int -> Int -> Node
create l r
| l + 1 == r = Leaf 0
| otherwise = Branch 0 (create l m) (create m r)
where m = (l + r) `div` 2
-- Get the sum in range [0, r). The range of the node is [nl, nr)
sumof :: Node -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int
sumof (Leaf val) r nl nr
| nr <= r = val
| otherwise = 0
sumof (Branch sum lc rc) r nl nr
| nr <= r = sum
| r > nl = (sumof lc r nl m) + (sumof rc r m nr)
| otherwise = 0
where m = (nl + nr) `div` 2
-- Increase the value at x by 1. The range of the node is [nl, nr)
increase :: Node -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Node
increase (Leaf val) x nl nr = Leaf (val + 1)
increase (Branch sum lc rc) x nl nr
| x < m = Branch (sum + 1) (increase lc x nl m) rc
| otherwise = Branch (sum + 1) lc (increase rc x m nr)
where m = (nl + nr) `div` 2
-- signature said it all
tonodes :: Int -> [Int] -> [Node]
tonodes n = reverse . tonodes' . reverse
where
tonodes' :: [Int] -> [Node]
tonodes' (h:t) = increase h' h 0 n : s' where s'@(h':_) = tonodes' t
tonodes' _ = [create 0 n]
-- find the minimum m in [l, r] such that (predicate m) is True
binarysearch :: (Int -> Bool) -> Int -> Int -> Int
binarysearch predicate l r
| l == r = r
| predicate m = binarysearch predicate l m
| otherwise = binarysearch predicate (m+1) r
where m = (l + r) `div` 2
-- main, literally
main :: IO ()
main = do
[n, m] <- fmap (map read . words) getLine
nodes <- fmap (listArray (0, n) . tonodes n . map (subtract 1) . map read . words) getLine
replicateM_ m $ query n nodes
where
query :: Int -> NodeArray -> IO ()
query n nodes = do
[p, k] <- fmap (map read . words) getLine
print $ binarysearch (ok nodes n p k) 0 n
where
ok :: NodeArray -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Int -> Bool
ok nodes n p k s = (sumof (nodes ! min (p + s + 1) n) s 0 n) - (sumof (nodes ! max (p - s) 0) s 0 n) >= k
(यह कोड समीक्षा के साथ बिल्कुल समान कोड है लेकिन यह प्रश्न एक अन्य समस्या को संबोधित करता है।)
यह C ++ में मेरा इनपुट जनरेटर है:
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int main (int argc, char * argv[]) {
srand(1827);
int n = 100000;
if(argc > 1)
sscanf(argv[1], "%d", &n);
printf("%d %d\n", n, n);
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("%d%c", rand() % n + 1, i == n - 1 ? '\n' : ' ');
for(int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int p = rand() % n;
int k = rand() % n + 1;
printf("%d %d\n", p, k);
}
}
यदि आपके पास C ++ कंपाइलर उपलब्ध नहीं है, तो इसका परिणाम है./gen.exe 1000 ।
यह मेरे कंप्यूटर पर निष्पादन परिणाम है:
$ ghc --version
The Glorious Glasgow Haskell Compilation System, version 7.8.3
$ ghc -fforce-recomp 1827.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( 1827.hs, 1827.o )
Linking 1827.exe ...
$ time ./gen.exe 1000 | ./1827.exe > /dev/null
real 0m0.088s
user 0m0.015s
sys 0m0.015s
$ ghc -fforce-recomp -O 1827.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( 1827.hs, 1827.o )
Linking 1827.exe ...
$ time ./gen.exe 1000 | ./1827.exe > /dev/null
real 0m2.969s
user 0m0.000s
sys 0m0.045s
और यह ढेर प्रोफाइल सारांश है:
$ ghc -fforce-recomp -rtsopts ./1827.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( 1827.hs, 1827.o )
Linking 1827.exe ...
$ ./gen.exe 1000 | ./1827.exe +RTS -s > /dev/null
70,207,096 bytes allocated in the heap
2,112,416 bytes copied during GC
613,368 bytes maximum residency (3 sample(s))
28,816 bytes maximum slop
3 MB total memory in use (0 MB lost due to fragmentation)
Tot time (elapsed) Avg pause Max pause
Gen 0 132 colls, 0 par 0.00s 0.00s 0.0000s 0.0004s
Gen 1 3 colls, 0 par 0.00s 0.00s 0.0006s 0.0010s
INIT time 0.00s ( 0.00s elapsed)
MUT time 0.03s ( 0.03s elapsed)
GC time 0.00s ( 0.01s elapsed)
EXIT time 0.00s ( 0.00s elapsed)
Total time 0.03s ( 0.04s elapsed)
%GC time 0.0% (14.7% elapsed)
Alloc rate 2,250,213,011 bytes per MUT second
Productivity 100.0% of total user, 83.1% of total elapsed
$ ghc -fforce-recomp -O -rtsopts ./1827.hs
[1 of 1] Compiling Main ( 1827.hs, 1827.o )
Linking 1827.exe ...
$ ./gen.exe 1000 | ./1827.exe +RTS -s > /dev/null
6,009,233,608 bytes allocated in the heap
622,682,200 bytes copied during GC
443,240 bytes maximum residency (505 sample(s))
48,256 bytes maximum slop
3 MB total memory in use (0 MB lost due to fragmentation)
Tot time (elapsed) Avg pause Max pause
Gen 0 10945 colls, 0 par 0.72s 0.63s 0.0001s 0.0004s
Gen 1 505 colls, 0 par 0.16s 0.13s 0.0003s 0.0005s
INIT time 0.00s ( 0.00s elapsed)
MUT time 2.00s ( 2.13s elapsed)
GC time 0.87s ( 0.76s elapsed)
EXIT time 0.00s ( 0.00s elapsed)
Total time 2.89s ( 2.90s elapsed)
%GC time 30.3% (26.4% elapsed)
Alloc rate 3,009,412,603 bytes per MUT second
Productivity 69.7% of total user, 69.4% of total elapsed